Yarshagumba

Yarshagumba

Local name: Yarshagumba, Jara, Jeevan Buti, Chyukira

Common Name: Yarshagumba

Scientific Name: Ophiocordeceps sinesis

Availability: It is unique herb that grows in meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 ft.) in Himalayan region of Nepal.

Natural Ingredients in Herb: Before rainy season begin, spores of cordyceps mushroom settles in the head of caterpillars that live under ground. The fungus gets so much into the body of caterpillars that it grows out through its head and drains all the energy from insect and ultimately it dies.

It is used as a lifesaving tonic. It also cures sexual impotency. It cures many problems like headache, toothache, backache, etc.

It can be soaked in milk and keep ghee and take it is also found in powdered combined with rhizome in some part of Nepal. It is sold directly to consumers as well. It is very expensive and very popular in international market US$ 280 per kilogram.

I think it is one of the very rare and super herbs among many of the herbs and is the source of good income in international market and for the people of rural areas like Dolpa. I have tried it hope you have too.

Hope this information was interesting to you. If you have something to add on please you can give me feedback on this!!

                                                                 J Thank you!! J

Name: Ojaswi Khatiwada

Standard: 8

Punarnava

Scientific Name:Boerhavia diffusa

Introduction:

Boerhavia diffusa is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava (meaning that which rejuvenates or renews the body in Ayurveda), red spiderling, spreading hogweed, or tarvine. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of B. diffusa are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India.

Uses:

Boerhaavia diffusa is an herb found in Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. Historically, Boerhaavia diffusa has been used for its anti-diabetic and diuretic properties. In different areas of the world, Boerhaavia diffusa has also been used for pain relief, anti-inflammation, and treating indigestion. Boerhaavia diffusa is a tropical crawling root plant, with bio-active compounds in both the leaves and roots.

There have not been any human studies conducted on Boerhaavia diffusa, but animal evidence suggests it is an effective diuretic, and can suppress the proliferation of immune cells. This can be harmful in some cases, like during flu season, but beneficial if the immune system is hyperactive. Boerhaavia diffusa also has an anti-proliferative effect on some cancer cells, which means it prevents them from spreading. This anti-cancer effect comes from the isolated bio-active purnavarine.

Side Effects:

Boerhaavia diffusa also has anti-oxidant properties.

Boerhaavia diffusa’s anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms are plausible explanations for _Boerhaavia diffusa’s potent anti-diabetic effects, which rivals the potency of standard drugs like Glibenclamide and Metformin. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship.

Conclusion

At last i want to thank Amit sir for giving such project.Due to it i have learned many things about this medicinal herb.

Submitted by:

Krisha Maharjan

Class: 8 B

nikita

                          Himalayan Birch

Scientific Name: Betula Utilis D Don

Introduction:

Betula utilis is a birch tree native to the Himalayas, growing at elevations up to 4,500 m (14,800 ft). The specific epithet, utilis, refers to the many uses of the different parts of the tree. The white, paper-like bark of the tree was used in ancient times for writing Sanskrit scriptures and texts. It is still used as paper for the writing of sacred mantras, with the bark placed in an amulet and worn for protection. Selected varieties are used for landscaping throughout the world, even while some areas of its native habitat are being lost due to overuse of the tree for firewood

Uses

The bark of Himalayan birch was used centuries ago in India as paper for writing lengthy scriptures and texts in Sanskrit and other scripts, particularly in historical Kashmir. Its use as paper for books is mentioned by early Sanskrit writers Kalidasa(c. 4th century CE), Sushruta (c. 3rd century CE), and Varahamihira (6th century CE). In the late 19th century, Kashmiri pandits reported all of their books were written on Himalayan birch bark until Akbar introduced paper in the 16th century.The Sanskrit word for the tree is bhûrja—sharing a similarity with other Indo-European words that provide the origin for the common name "birch".

The bark is still used for writing sacred mantras, which are placed in an amulet and worn around the neck for protection or blessing. This practice was mentioned as early as the 8th or 9th century CE, in the Lakshmi Tantra, a Pancaratra text.According to legend, the bark was also used as clothing by attendants of Lord Shiva.

The bark is widely used for packaging material (particularly butter), roof construction, umbrella covers, bandages, and more. The wood is used for bridge construction, and the foliage for fodder. The most widespread use is for firewood, which has caused large areas of habitat to be eliminated or reduced. Parts of the plant, including the fungal growth (bhurja-granthi) have also long been used in local traditional medicine.

Side effects

• Skin growths from sun damage (actinic keratosis). Early research suggests that applying a birch bark ointment for 2 months to the affected areas can help clear actinic keratoses.
• Arthritis.
• Hair loss.
• Rashes.
• Conditions of the urinary tract.
• Achy joints (rheumatism).

Conclusion

At last i want to thank our obt teacher Amit sir for giving us such wonderful project. due to it i have learned many things about himalayan birch.

Submitted by:

Nikita Maharjan

Class: 8 B

                   Serpentina Root

Scientific Name:Rauwolfia serpentina Benth

Introduction:

Rauvolfia serpentina, or Indian snakeroot is a species of flower in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and East Asia (from India to Indonesia). Common English names include devil pepper and snakeroot.

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Genus:	Rauvolfia
Species:	R. serpentina

Uses:

External uses:

• * Juice of leaves can be applied to the eyes as a remedy for corneal opacity.
• * in serpent bite application of root powder on site of bite.

• Internal use:
• 
  
• * In Anidra it works well when given along with ghee.
• * It is used in gastrointestinal maladies like anorexia, dyspepais, worm and abdominal pain
•  Side effects

• impotence or decreased sexual interest.
• lack of energy or weakness.
• mental depression or inability to concentrate.
• nervousness or anxiety.
• vivid dreams or nightmares or early-morning sleeplessness.

Conclusion:

At last i want to thank Amit sir for giving us this project.i have learned many things about this medicinal herb.

Submitted by:
Krija Maharjan

pistachio integerrima by Anishesh

                                 Pistachio integerrima stew. Ex brandies

 Introduction:

Pistachio integerrima is a species of pistachio tree native to Asia, commonly called zebrawood. It is often classified as Pistachio chinensisp. integerrima. It is used for a variety of purposes in India, including timber, dye, and fodder. It is used widely as a remedy for many ailments, including cough, asthma, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long, horn-shaped leaf galls that often develop on this tree are harvested and used to make kakadshringi, an herbal medicine for diarrhea in northern India.

Scientific Classification:

Kingdom   :   Plantae

Order         :  Sapindales

Family        :  Anacardiaceae

 Species     :  P. integerrima

Uses:

·        Use of this herb is quite good in the gum diseases like pyorrhea, gingivitis etc. Decoction of this herb helps to remove the pus from gum. Furthermore its anti-inflammatory properties help to reduce the pain.

·         This herb is packed with wound healing properties and thus helps in healing of wounds and cuts.

·         This herb has the antipyretic properties hence it is good in the treatment of fever.

• Use of this herb is quite good to treat the whooping cough and asthma in children.

Methods of preparation:

     Radical scavenging activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity assay in vitro. Fructose (FRS) induced hyperuricemic animal model was used to assess the serum uric acid (UA) lowering effect by plant products.

          At last, I would like to thank our O.B.T. teacher Mr. Amit Sijapati to give us such kind of project. This project helped us to know about medicinal herbs. Thank you sir.

Submitted By: Anishesh Maharjan

                               8    'B'

Solanum torvum is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticultural as a rootstock for eggplant. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year.

Turkey berry apparently is native from Florida and southern Alabama through the West Indies and from Mexico through Central America and South America through Brazil .

The plant is usually 2 or 3 m in height and 2 cm in basal diameter, but may reach 5m in height and 8 cm in basal diameter. The shrub usually has a single stem at ground level, but it may branch on the lower stem. The stem bark is gray and nearly smooth with raised lenticels. The inner bark has a green layer over an ivory color (Little and others 1974). The plants examined by the author, growing on firm soil, had weak taproots and well-developed laterals. The roots are white. Foliage is confined to the growing twigs.  The leaves are opposite or one per node, broadly ovate with the border entire or deeply lobed. The petioles are 1 to 6 cm long and the blades are 7 to 23 by 5 to 18 cm and covered with short hairs.

The green fresh fruits are edible and used in Thai Cuisone, as an ingredient in certain Thai curries or raw in certain Thai chili pastes (nam phrik).

Known Hazards

Although providing many well-known foods for people, including the potato, tomato, pepper and aubergine, most plants in the family Solanaceae also contain poisonous alkaloids. Unless there are specific entries with information on edible uses, it would be unwise to ingest any part of this plant

Edible uses:

The plant is often used in traditional medicine and, when used wisely, its fruit and leaves can be used to control a range of microbial activities

The juice of the plant is used to treat fevers, coughs, asthma, chest ailments, sore throats, rheumatism, dropsy, stomach aches and gonorrhoea

An infusion of the leaves and fruits is used as a treatment for bush yaws and sores

                                                                                                       Done by Aaditya Kumar

Gossypium Arboreum

Gossypium arboreum, commonly called tree cotton, is a species of cotton native to India, Pakistan and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. There is evidence of its cultivation as long ago as the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley for the production of cotton textiles. This species of cotton was also introduced into East Africa and was grown by the Meroe civilization in Nubia. The shrub was included in Linnaeus's Species Plantarum published in 1753. The holotype was also supplied by him, which is now in the Linnean Herbarium in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. It is a sister species of Gossypium herbaceum.

Kingdom:             Plantae

(unranked):        Angiosperms

(unranked):        Eudicots

(unranked):        Rosids

Order:   Malvales

Family:  Malvaceae

Genus: Gossypium

Species: G. arboretum

Description

Tree cotton is a shrub attaining heights of one to two metres. Its branches are covered with pubescence and are purple in colour. Stipules are present at the leaf base and they are linear to lanceolate in shape and sometimes falcate (i.e. sickle-shaped). The leaves are attached to the stem by a 1.5 to 10 cm petiole. The blades are ovate to orbicular in shape and have five to seven lobes, making them superficially resemble a maple leaf. The lobes are linear to lanceolate, and often a tooth is present in the sinus. Glands are present along the midrib or occasionally on the adjacent nerves. The leaves are glabrescent, meaning the pubescence is lost with age, but when it is present on young leaves, it is both stellate (i.e. star-shaped) and simple.

The flowers are set on short pedicels (i.e. flower stalks). An epicalyx is present, which is a series of subtending bracts that resemble sepals. Its large, ovate segments are dentate (i.e. toothed along the margins), though sometimes only very slightly so. They are cordate (i.e. heart-shaped) at the base and acute at the apex. The true calyx is small, measuring only about 5 mm in length. Its shape is cupular, and five subtle dentations are present. The corolla is a pale yellow on colour, sometimes with a purple centre, and occasionally entirely purple. It measures 3 to 4 cm in length. The staminal tube bears the anthers and is 1.5 to 2 cm in length. The fruit is a three- or four-celled capsule measuring 1.5 to 2.5 cm across. It is ovoid or oblong in shape and glabrous (i.e. hairless). The surface is pitted and a beak is present at the terminal end. The seeds within are globular and are covered in long white cotton.

Gossypium arboreum var. neglecta, locally known as "Phuti karpas", is the variant used to make Muslin in East India, now Bangladesh. The variation could only be grown in an area south of Dacca, along the banks of the Meghna River. It could be spun so that individual threads could maintain tensile strength at counts higher than any other variant of cotton.

BY: Shibika Tamang